【讨论】新《消防法》与旧法有什么不同？
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PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 81pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 23.25pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></p></span></p></td><td valign="top" width="132" style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 99pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 23.25pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></p></span></p></td><td valign="top" width="156" style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 117pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 23.25pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></p></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">《消防法》于</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1998</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年实施，于</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2008</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年修订，将于</span><chsdate wst="on" year="2009" month="5" day="1" islunardate="False" isrocdate="False"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2009-5-1</font></span></chsdate><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">起实施新的《消防法》。新消防法与旧法之间有什么差别？新法颁布之时，我们<span style="COLOR: red;">在</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red;"><font face="Times New Roman">2008</font></span><span style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年的第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red;"><font face="Times New Roman">9</font></span><span style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">期</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">快讯中对消防法的重点进行了标注。但近来，还有企业的朋友还是会问：“要将生产车间改为仓库，要不要报消防？报了消防，他们也不说行也不说不行，怎么办？”之类的问题。如果仔细看看新的《消防法》，这些问题将不再是问题。为方便大家确定新法变化的重点，将新法的核心变化分享如下：</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312;"><p> </p></span></i></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><i><span style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312;">关键性定义（编者注：以下定义在第十一条中有特别规定，且审批与监督管理都不同一般。）</span></i><span style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: blue;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><u style="text-underline: double;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">公众聚集场所，</span></u><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">是指宾馆、饭店、商场、集贸市场、客运车站候车室、客运码头候船厅、民用机场航站楼、体育场馆、会堂以及公共娱乐场所等。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><u style="text-underline: double;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">人员密集场所，</span></u><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">是指公众聚集场所，医院的门诊楼、病房楼，学校的教学楼、图书馆、食堂和集体宿舍，养老院，福利院，托儿所，幼儿园，公共图书馆的阅览室，公共展览馆、博物馆的展示厅，劳动密集型企业的生产加工车间和员工集体宿舍，旅游、宗教活动场所等。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><i><span style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312;">最重要变化：（编者：请仔细阅读以下条款中对责任问题的约定，这是本次法规的核心变化。）<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></i></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">第九条</span><font face="Times New Roman">
</font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">建设工程的消防设计、施工必须符合国家工程建设消防技术标准。<u style="text-underline: double;">建设、设计、施工、工程监理等单位依法对建设工程的消防设计、施工质量负责</u>。</span><i><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">（编者：各负其责是本法修订的最明显变化，而不是将最终责任定义给消防机构。）</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312;"><p></p></span></i></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">第十条</span><font face="Times New Roman">
</font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">按照国家工程建设消防技术标准需要进行消防设计的建设工程，除本法第十一条另有规定的外，建设单位应当自依法取得施工许可之日起七个工作日内，<u style="text-underline: double;">将消防设计文件报公安机关消防机构备案，公安机关消防机构应当进行抽查</u>。</span><i><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">（编者：这里仅规定了进行备案的要求，而不再是审批和验收！这是非常大的不同。抽查不合格了，企业得改。如果没有查到，有什么问题的话，就要由设计，施工和业主们自己承担责任！）</span></i></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">第十一条</span><font face="Times New Roman">
</font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">国务院公安部门规定的大型的<u style="text-underline: double;">人员密集场所和其他特殊建设工程</u>，建设单位应当将消防设计文件报送公安机关消防机构审核。<u style="text-underline: double;">公安机关消防机构依法对审核的结果负责。</u></span><i><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">（编者：这就是消防机构该负责的部分了。注意，这里的人员密集场所和的重点消防单位不完全是一个概念。重点消防单位的要求有其他条款规定，与原法基本相同。即使是重点消防单位，也不一定必须进行审核。那么，我们自己就必须更加上心才行，否则责任还在我们自己这里。）</span></i></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">第十二条</span><font face="Times New Roman">
</font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">依法应当经公安机关消防机构进行消防设计审核的建设工程，未经依法审核或者审核不合格的，负责审批该工程施工许可的部门<u style="text-underline: double;">不得给予施工许可</u>，建设单位、施工单位<u style="text-underline: double;">不得施工</u>；其他建设工程取得施工许可后经依法抽查不合格的，应当<u style="text-underline: double;">停止施工</u>。</span><i><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">（编者：这一回消防机构有权了，可以采取措施了。）<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></i></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: 22.5pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">第十四条</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial;">
</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">建设工程消防设计审核、消防验收、备案和抽查的具体办法，由国务院公安部门规定。</span><i><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">（编者：让我们等待具体的实施办法或规范出来吧。我们会在相关法规颁布的第一时间与大家分享。）<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></i></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312;"><p> </p></span></i></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><i><span style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312;">关于机构团体企事业单位的消防职责进行了更详细的规定：<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></i></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">第十六条</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">
</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">机关、团体、企业、事业等单位应当履行下列消防安全职责：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 19.5pt; TEXT-INDENT: 22.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">单位的</span><u style="text-underline: double;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">主要负责人</span></u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">是本单位的消防安全责任人。（一）落实消防安全责任制，制定本单位的</span><u style="text-underline: double;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">消防安全制度</span></u><u style="text-underline: double;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">、消防安全</span></u><u style="text-underline: double;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">操作规程</span></u><u style="text-underline: double;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">，制定</span></u><u style="text-underline: double;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">灭火和应急疏散预案</span></u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">；<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 19.5pt; TEXT-INDENT: 22.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">（三）对建筑消防设施</span><u style="text-underline: double;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">每年至少进行一次</span></u><u style="text-underline: double;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">全面检测</span></u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">，确保完好有效，检测记录应当完整准确，存档备查；</span><i><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">（编者：这是检测而非一般性检查。）</span></i><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">（六）组织进行</span><u style="text-underline: double;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">有针对性的消防演练</span></u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">；</span><i><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">（编者：这与《安全生产法》的规定更具一致性，包括而近年来的“实证性”和“应急预案”的实施得到了更好的应用。）<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></i></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 19.5pt; TEXT-INDENT: 22.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"><p> </p></span></i></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><i><span style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312;">其他：法律责任更加清晰。详细罚责，请大家看《消防法》原文。</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: black;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 3.8pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 13pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: black;"><p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></p></span></p>
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